Evaluation of cytotoxicity and adaptability of a novel bioceramic root canal sealer: An in vitro and scanning electron microscope study.

Context: Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment. Aims: Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability. Materials and Methods: Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h. After their incubation, MTT solution was added to each well plate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader was implemented to calculate the percentage of viable cells. Thirty mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared using the Edge Endo rotary system, teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the sealer type: Group 1 CeramoSeal, Group 2 Totalfill, and Group 3 AH plus sealer. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and viewed under a scanning electron microscope where the region with the gaps was identified and quantified as a percentage of the root canal's overall area. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA test was used for cytotoxicity, while Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used for adaptability. Results: Ceramoseal statistically significantly showed the lowest viability, at high concentrations AH plus showed the highest cell viability, while at lower concentration Totalfill BC sealer showed the highest cell viability percentage. The gap percentages were statistically significantly higher in Ceramoseal group, there was no statistically significant difference between AH Plus and Totalfill groups. Conclusions: Ceramoseal sealer exhibited the lowest viability and highest gap percentage compared to the other sealers.

Retreatability of NeoSEALER Flo obturated with warm vertical compaction versus single-cone technique using two different retreatment systems.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the retreatability of NeoSEALER Flo obturated with warm vertical compaction (WVC) and single-cone (SC) techniques using two different retreatment systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two root canals were shaped and obturated with NeoSEALER Flo either in an SC obturation technique or a WVC technique. Samples were retreated using ProTaper retreatment or EdgeFile XR retreatment system. The percentage of remaining debris after retreatment was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope using ImageJ software. The time taken to reach full working length (WL) and induce patency was recorded. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test and a one-way analysis of variance test. Results: The percentage of remaining debris after retreatment was significantly higher in the SC technique than in the WVC technique, regardless of the retreatment system used. EdgeFile XR system removed more filling material than the ProTaper retreatment system, regardless of the obturation technique. The apical region showed significantly higher remaining debris than other regions in all groups. The WL and patency were achieved faster in the SC group, while in the WVC group, the EdgeFile XR system was faster. Conclusions: The WVC technique showed better retrieval of the filling material; however, a longer time was taken for retreatment. EdgeFile XR system performed better in removing filling materials from inside the canals.

Evaluation of the Factors and Treatment Options of Separated Endodontic Files Among Dentists and Undergraduate Students in Riyadh Area.

INTRODUCTION: Separation of endodontic files during root canal treatment is a common multifactorial problem facing most of dental practitioners both dentists and students that has high impact on treatment and prognosis outcome. AIM: To compare the incidence, factors and treatment options of separated endodontic files among dentists and undergraduate students in Riyadh area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survery of 35-questionnaire was formulated and e-mailed to all 149 dentists of different dental specialties who are working in different clinical centers in Riyadh area and are attending the 26(th) Saudi Dental Society International Dental Conference in addition to 130 undergraduate students in different dental colleges in Riyadh. Overall, 118 participants of dentists completed the survey, with response rate of 79% and the same number of students with response rate of 90.7%. RESULTS: Total of 57.6% dentists' faced separated files problem during root canal preparation, while only 7.6% of students faced this problem. 53% of separated endodontic files (SEF) were hand files, 65% stainless steel files, 81% were small size files most common sizes (#15-20) (p <0.0001). Causes of SEF were root Canal anatomy, in 45%. 66% of SEF occurred in curved canals, 98% were in molars in mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals, (p <0.0001). 44% of SEF were successfully bypassed, 53% were successfully removed from coronal third of root canal, 42% of SEF successfully removed using ultrasonics under visualization of operating microscope. 73% of retained SEF cases showed good prognosis, (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: SEF is a multifactorial clinical problem that must be either removed, by passed to allow complete cleaning, shaping, disinfection, obturation and effective coronal seal.